Colin Drewes

PhD Student | Stanford | drewes at cs.stanford.edu
MS Computer Science '22, BS Computer Science '21 | UC San Diego


I am a fifth year Computer Science PhD student at Stanford University working with Professor Subhasish Mitra on scalable machine learning inference architectures.

I am also interested in the effect of Bias Temperature Instability, a form of transistor degradation, on the security of hardware systems. Advised by Professor Dustin Richmond, Ryan Kastner, and David Kohlbrenner, I explored the feasibility of this side-channel in cloud deployments of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Our recent results demonstrated that sensitive data loaded into a cloud-FPGA's routing at runtime is imprinted in the device via variable transistor wear, and this side-channel can be exploited by a future user of the device through the instantiation of a precise timing sensor in its programmable fabric.

This work builds off my work at UC San Diego, where I completed my BS and MS. My research focused on power side-channels in cloud FPGAs but later pivoted to the transistor side-channels being explored currently. I was advised by Professor Ryan Kastner and Dustin Richmond; my thesis was supervised by Professor Ryan Kastner, Deian Stefan, and Dean Tullsen.

I am a recipient of the Qualcomm Innovation Fellowship.

I have served as an external reviewer for CCS '24, FPGA '24, FCCM '20, '22, '23, and ICCAD '21.

I have served as a teaching assistant for Stanford CS 244: Advanced Topics in Networking (Spring 2024), UCSD CSE 160: Introduction to Parallel Computing (Winter 2022), and UCSD CSE 101: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (Fall 2021).

Writing / Notes

Publications

Thesis

Next Generation Cloud-FPGA Side-Channels
Colin Drewes
MS Thesis, UC San Diego, 2022

Networking Hardware

Packets are Not Pages: Flow-Based Addressing Conserves Memory Bandwidth
Agur Adams, Hui Sub Shim, Colin Drewes, Ben O'Keefe, Philip Levis, Zakir Durumeric
ACM International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT)

FPGA Security

Pentimento: Data Remanence in Cloud FPGAs
Colin Drewes, Olivia Weng, Andres Meza, Alric Althoff, David Kohlbrenner, Ryan Kastner, Dustin Richmond
ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), April 2024 [Shortlist, Top Picks HES]

Turn on, Tune in, and Listen up: Maximizing Side-Channel Recovery in Cross-Platform Time-to-Digital Converters
Colin Drewes, Tyler Sheaves, Olivia Weng, Keegan Ryan, William Hunter, Christopher McCarty, Ryan Kastner, Dustin Richmond
ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems (TRETS), June 2024

Turn on, Tune in, Listen up: Maximizing Channel Capacity in Time-to-Digital Converters
Colin Drewes, Olivia Weng, Keegan Ryan, William Hunter, Christopher McCarty, Ryan Kastner, Dustin Richmond
ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (ISFPGA), February 2023 [Best Paper Candidate]

Classifying Computations on Multi-Tenant FPGAs
Mustafa Gobulukoglu, Colin Drewes, William Hunter, Ryan Kastner, Dustin Richmond
Design Automation Conference (DAC), December 2021

A Tunable Dual-Edge Time-to-Digital Converter
Colin Drewes, Steven Harris, Winnie Wang, Richard Appen, Olivia Weng, William Hunter, Christopher McCarty, Ryan Kastner, Dustin Richmond
IEEE International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM), 2021

Other Projects

Rethinking CPU-FPGA Interfaces: A Reconfigurable RISC-V Co-Processor
Colin Drewes
Self-Published, 2021

Globally Irreversible Locally Reversible
Colin Drewes
Self-Published, 2021

† Equal contribution as first author.

Recent Talks

Packets are Not Pages: Flow-Based Addressing Conserves Memory Bandwidth
slides
DAM Summer Workshop, June 2026

Emulating Future Scale-Up of 3D+Multi-Chiplet Architectures for Large AI/ML Benefits
CadenceLive Silicon Valley [Best Track Talk]

Scalable Energy-Aware Optimization of Static and Dynamic Inference Across Multiple Chiplets
DAM Winter Workshop, January 2026

Pentimento: Data Remanence in Cloud FPGAs
video
ASPLOS, April 2024

Maximizing Side-Channel Recovery in Time-to-Digital Converters
slides, video
ISFPGA, February 2023

Pentimento: Data Remanence in Cloud FPGAs
slides, video
SCCM, February 2023

Open Source Time-to-Digital Converter
video
SCCM, 2022

Classifying Computations on Multi-Tenant FPGAs
slides, video
DAC, December 2021

A Tunable Dual-Edge Time-to-Digital Converter
slides
FCCM, 2021